Sustainable site selection for biomass refineries: an analytic network process model for optimizing bioenergy production in Iran

Biomass, with its abundant resources and versatility, is increasingly recognized as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels for fuel and chemical production. However, establishing an efficient supply chain for microalgae-based biomass refineries poses challenges due to irregular production patterns and the dispersed distribution of resources. This study presents a framework for selecting an optimal location for a biomass refinery in Iran, chosen for its favorable conditions, including abundant sunlight, carbon dioxide, and saline water. Using a mathematical optimization model and network analysis, this framework evaluates potential refinery sites based on criteria such as infrastructure access, climate conditions, and algae growth suitability. Economic, environmental, social, and logistical indicators guide the decision-making process. The results identify Bushehr as the optimal location, primarily driven by transportation cost efficiency, which significantly impacts the overall supply chain costs. By optimizing transportation routes, this model not only reduces expenses but also maximizes the biomass energy potential, contributing to a more sustainable bioenergy infrastructure. The insights from this study support the transition toward sustainable energy production and offer a strategic approach to designing effective biomass refinery supply chains.