In this letter we derive the stability criterion in discharges where two-step ionization is dominant. For stable equilibrium the attachment rate has to be greater than or equal to twice the ionization rate. Two-step ionization is often dominant in discharge-pumped visible lasers because of the relatively large number of electronically excited states. Analysis of the KrF laser discharge indicates that two-step ionization is dominant.
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Daugherty et al. (1976) studied this question.
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