Generation and classification of Kerwin–Huelsman–Newcomb circuits using the DVCC

New circuits realizing the Kerwin–Huelsman–Newcomb (KHN) and using three or four differential voltage current conveyor (DVCC) are generated from the basic KHN and inverted KHN block diagrams. The circuits are classified into two types, type A employs three DVCC and type B employs four DVCC. Each type includes four classes of circuits depending on the four possible integrator polarities. Each class can be realized by several circuits as will be demonstrated in the paper. All the eight possible sign combinations of the output voltages polarities are obtainable from the two types; four sign combinations from each type. The eight block diagrams are included to demonstrate the difference between each class of circuits. Spice simulation results demonstrating the practicality of the proposed filters are included.