Effects of Different Farming Models on Muscle Nutrients, Muscle Transcriptome and Intestinal Microbiota in Pelodiscus sinensis

Farming models profoundly influence the biological traits of aquatic organisms. This study compared muscle nutrients, muscle transcriptome, and gut microbiota of Pelodiscus sinensis reared under rice-field and pond conditions. Compared with the pond group (Group P), the rice-field group (Group R) exhibited significantly lower linoleic acid (LA) and higher arachidonic acid (ARA), indicating an altered muscle fatty acid profile. Transcriptomic analysis further showed that differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in fatty acid metabolic processes. For gut microbiota, Group R had a higher relative abundance of Firmicutes_C at the phylum level, and Acidaminococcus was uniquely detected at the genus level. These findings reveal that rice-field culture drives distinct muscle fatty acid profiles and gut microbial characteristics in P. sinensis, providing a theoretical basis for understanding the effects of rice-field culture on turtle nutrition and intestinal health.