Pediatric Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury After Noncardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

FIGURE 1. PRISMA 2020 flow chart of study inclusion, from Page et al. [6]. PRISMA, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Protocols.

FIGURE 2. (a) ROBINS‐I risk of bias distribution for non‐randomized studies (n = 25), including four critically biased studies excluded from the review. (b) RoB 2 risk of bias distribution for randomized controlled trials (n = 2).

FIGURE 3. Forest plot showing the incidence rate for each study with corresponding 95% confidence intervals. The pooled incidence estimated using a random‐effects model (23.3%) is indicated by the dashed line.

FIGURE 4. Incidence rates with 95% confidence intervals are plotted against study size. The weighted incidence using a random effects model (0.233) is indicated by a dashed line. Each dot represents an individual study.