Application and exploration of virtual laboratory platform in standardized residency training for clinical laboratory physicians

Background Standardized residency training for clinical laboratory residents is essential for cultivating high-quality laboratory professionals. Virtual simulation technology has demonstrated significant advantages in education, yet its application in standardized residency training remains insufficiently explored. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a virtual laboratory platform to enhance residents’ clinical skills and practical competencies. Methods A virtual laboratory platform was constructed using the Unity3D engine, comprising a virtual experiment operations module and a regular training content module, grounded in experiential learning, deliberate practice, and constructivism theories. A randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 68 residents with no prior PCR experience. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (using the virtual platform for TB PCR detection training) or a control group (receiving traditional instruction). Outcomes were assessed via a 100-point composite score (50% theory, 50% practical skills) and a validated questionnaire (CVI = 0.92, Cronbach’s α = 0.842). Results The virtual laboratory platform, covering five core subspecialties, was successfully developed. The experimental group significantly outperformed the control group in theoretical scores (47.03 ± 2.59 vs. 44.98 ± 3.15, P = 0.006), skill scores (46.74 ± 2.78 vs. 45.17 ± 3.02, P = 0.031), and total scores (93.77 ± 4.06 vs. 90.15 ± 5.44, P = 0.003). Questionnaire results showed high satisfaction: 97.1% agreed that the content was systematic, 92.6% reported increased interest and learning efficiency, and 91.2% affirmed comprehensiveness and autonomous learning support, with an overall satisfaction rate of 91.2%. Conclusions The virtual laboratory platform improved residents’ theoretical knowledge and practical skills, and received highly positive feedback. Our findings suggest it represents a promising tool for enhancing the quality of standardized residency training in clinical laboratory medicine.