What question did this study set out to answer?

Characterize the long-term dynamics and age-specific nasopharyngeal carriage of major respiratory pathogens in healthy children aged 6 months to 15 years during the PCV13 era.

August 20, 2026The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

Long-term Dynamics and Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Pneumococcal Serotypes, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Staphylococcus aureus From 2013 to 2024 in Healthy French Children

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Authors

ABAndré BirgyInserm CLCorinne LévyDélégation Paris 5 NONaïm OuldaliInserm

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Implication

Multicenter study reveals persistent pneumococcal carriage shifts across childhood, highlighting older youth as reservoirs for vaccine-preventable serotypes.

Key Points

Characterize the long-term dynamics and age-specific nasopharyngeal carriage of major respiratory pathogens in healthy children aged 6 months to 15 years during the PCV13 era.
Multicenter cross-sectional surveillance collecting nasopharyngeal swabs from 6,420 healthy children aged 6 months to 15 years across France between 2013 and 2024.
Identified Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Staphylococcus aureus by standard culture, with pneumococcal serotyping performed via latex agglutination.
Overall Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage was 28.6%, maintaining a rate of approximately 38% up to age 5 before dropping to ~10% in older children, with non-PCV13 serotypes (23B, 11A, 23A, 15B, and 35B) dominating.
PCV13 serotypes persisted in 10.4% of carriers and 2.9% of all children, with serotypes 19A and 19F remaining stable across age groups while serotype 3 increased substantially in older children.
Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis carriage mirrored pneumococcal trends by declining after age 5, whereas Staphylococcus aureus carriage exhibited an inverse, age-dependent rise.

Cite This Study

Birgy et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a86b5eb8a91293e6a1cd87c https://doi.org/10.1097/inf.0000000000005373

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Implication

Multicenter study reveals persistent pneumococcal carriage shifts across childhood, highlighting older youth as reservoirs for vaccine-preventable serotypes.

Long-term Dynamics and Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Pneumococcal Serotypes, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Staphylococcus aureus From 2013 to 2024 in Healthy French Children

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Key Points

Cite This Study

Long-term Dynamics and Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Pneumococcal Serotypes, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Staphylococcus aureus From 2013 to 2024 in Healthy French Children

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Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

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