Epidemiology and characterization of Flavescence dorée (FD) and other grapevine yellows

— Since the Flavescence dore (FD) outbreak in South-Western France during the 1950's, disease on gra- pevines with similar symptoms have been described throughout the world. From an epidemiological point of view, one can distinguish: Flavescence dore sensu stricto, transmitted by Scaphoideus littoralis, Mediterranean grapevine yel- lows, non associated with S littoralis, Bois noir and Vergilbungskrankheit, Subtropical grapevine yellows, North Ameri- can grapevine yellows. We give a review of the main epidemiological data and the currently available diagnositic me- thods.