Apolipoproteins E3 and E4 exert differential effects on neuronal growth in vitro. Apolipoprotein E3 supports neurite extension, whereas apolipoprotein E4 does not. These isoform-specific effects may influence the stability of the cytoskeleton and may account for the association of the apolipoprotein E4 isoform with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Mahley et al. (1995) studied this question.