Presented is a study of low polarisation sensitivity 2° X-couplers with 20% coupling ratio tuning via refractive index asymmetry, attaining 50:50 power splitting at 1550 nm. The device has less than 5% coupling ratio variation over 30 nm in the C-band and <0.7 dB polarisation-dependent loss.
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Adikan et al. (2006) studied this question.
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