Key result
Compressive forces significantly increased sclerostin expression and apoptosis, whereas tensile forces induced periostin expression and cell proliferation in human periodontal ligament cells.
Why the study?
Orthodontic treatment induces bone remodeling through complex signaling molecules, and the study aimed to assess bone remodeling, cell proliferation, and apoptosis regulatory protein expression under different orthodontic forces at varied time points in PDL cells.
Do compressive and tensile orthodontic forces alter the expression of sclerostin, periostin, and apoptotic markers in human periodontal ligament cells?
Do compressive and tensile orthodontic forces alter the expression of sclerostin, periostin, and apoptotic markers in human periodontal ligament cells?
In human periodontal ligament cells, compressive forces increase sclerostin expression and apoptosis, whereas tensile forces promote cell proliferation and osteogenic markers like periostin and RUNX2.
PDL protein responses to orthodontic forces remain poorly mapped; leaves open targeted force protocols for predictable remodeling.
Background Orthodontic treatment induces bone resorption on the compression side while on the tension side stimulates bone formation. The process involves a complex interaction of signalling molecules. The aim of the present study is to assess the expression of key regulatory proteins associated with bone remodeling, cell proliferation and apoptosis in response to different types of orthodontic forces at varied time points in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. Materials and methods and Results PDL cells were isolated from extracted teeth and were divided into two groups based on the type and time of applied forces: Group 1 exposed to compressive forces for 0, 6, 24, 48, 72 hours and group 2 imposed to equi-axial tension forces in 1Hz frequency and 10% elongation in 0, 24, 48, 72 hours. Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied to evaluate the gene expression. The secretion of Sclerostin and Periostin was assessed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining (DAPI) was used to evaluate apoptosis.The expression of Sclerostin(SOST) elevated at protein and gene levels under compression force while the application of tensile force induced the expression of Periostin(POSTN), Runt-related transcription factor 2(RUNX2) and reduced SOST expression in a time-dependent manner. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), the marker of proliferation increased under tensile force. The compression forces induced apoptosis and increased gene expression of apoptotic regulators, Caspase9, and B-cell lymphoma 2(BCL2). Conclusion The periostin and sclerostin play important role in orthodontic loads and their expressions under compressive and tensile forces are affected by both variables of time and type of applied forces. Application of compressive stress increases apoptosis while tensile force induces cell proliferation.
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Sharifi et al. (2022) studied Healthy periodontal ligament cells. Compressive and tensile orthodontic forces vs. Control group (no force) was evaluated on Expression of Sclerostin (SOST) and Periostin (POSTN). Compressive forces significantly increased sclerostin expression and apoptosis, whereas tensile forces induced periostin expression and cell proliferation in human periodontal ligament cells.
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