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Breaking groups of large-amplitude internal gravity waves are simulated numerically and the resulting diapycnal mixing and residual momentum are quantified. The wave frequency strongly affects the mixing, with high- and low-frequency waves doing many times more mixing than intermediate-frequency waves with the same steepness. The total residual momentum remaining in the breaking region after the remnants of the wave group propagates away shows similar frequency dependence as the diapycnal mixing. Additionally, the propagation of the breaking events and the spatial distribution of the mixing are found to agree qualitatively with a kinematic description of breaking internal wave groups.
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Birch et al. (2011) studied this question.
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