The authors used the full Tucker theory including the quantum susceptance to fit data from planar lithographed millimeter-wave mixers with bow-tie antennas and integrated RF coupling elements. Essentially perfect fits to pumped I-V (current-voltage) curves have been obtained. The deduced imbedding admittances agree well with those dependently calculated from the geometry of the antenna and matching structures. It is found that the quantum susceptance is essential to the fit and thus to predictions of the mixer performance. For junctions with moderately sharp gap structures, the quantum susceptance is especially important in the production of steps with low and/or negative dynamic conductance.>
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Mears et al. (1989) studied this question.