Twisted graphene bilayer around the first magic angle engineered by heterostrain

Very recently, twisted graphene bilayers (TGBs) around the first magic angle θ≈1.1^∘ have attracted much attention for the realization of exotic quantum states, such as correlated insulator behavior and unconventional superconductivity. Here we elaborately study a series of TGBs around the first magic angle engineered by heterostrain, where each layer is strained independently. Our experiment indicates that a moderate heterostrain enables the structural evolution from the small-angle TGB ({θ} {~} 1.5^∘{}) to the strained magic-angle TGB ({θ} {~} 1.1^∘{}), exhibiting the characteristic low-energy flat bands. The heterostrain can even drive the system into highly strained tiny-angle TGBs ({θ}1.1^∘{}) with large deformed tetragonal superlattices, where a unique network of topological helical edge states emerges. Furthermore, the predicted domain wall modes, which are strongly localized and result in a hexagon-triangle-mixed frustrated lattice derived from the Kagome lattice, are observed in the strained tiny-angle TGBs.