Issues Caused by the Russian−Ukrainian War and the Regional Refugee Crisis in Particular Countries: Focusing on Hungary

This study explores the main steps the Hungarian Government has taken in terms of ensuring protection status for those fleeing from Ukraine, as well as the main services indispensable for their everyday life in Hungary. Hungary immediately opened the border and allowed people in without restrictions; an extensive infrastructure was created and is still maintained, adapting to changing trends. The temporary protection status was introduced on the first evening of the war; subsequently, its personal scope was adjusted to the activation of the Temporary Protection Directive. The range of benefits has been provided to applicants and beneficiaries of temporary protection in Hungary; yet, the goal from the beginning was their independent success and integration as soon as possible, mainly by employment. Several legislative changes have been made to rationalise the access to services. In addition, Hungarian−Ukrainian dual citizens must be provided with the same benefits as Ukrainian citizens arriving to Hungary. Although more than 40,000 Ukrainians have so far gained temporary protection in Hungary, the majority of those fleeing continued their journeys to other EU countries. Thus, Hungary's role continues to stand out primarily in providing entry into the EU and first instance aid.