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The family Hepadnaviridae comprises small enveloped viruses with a partially double-stranded DNA genome of 3.0–3.4 kb. All family members express three sets of proteins (preC/C, polymerase and preS/S) and replication involves reverse transcription within nucleocapsids in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. Hepadnaviruses are hepatotropic and infections may be transient or persistent. There are five genera: Parahepadnavirus , Metahepadnavirus , Herpetohepadnavirus, Avihepadnavirus and Orthohepadnavirus . This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Hepadnaviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/hepadnaviridae .
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Magnius et al. (2020) studied this question.
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