Key result
RNA binding proteins regulate translation initiation through various mechanisms, primarily translational repression, by recognizing diverse RNA structures and interfering with ribosome binding.
This review summarizes the mechanisms by which RNA binding proteins regulate translation initiation, primarily through translational repression.
May identify new targets for translation-modulating therapies; leaves open clinical applicability pending experimental validation.
RNA binding proteins are capable of regulating translation initiation by a variety of mechanisms. Although the vast majority of these regulatory mechanisms involve translational repression, one example of translational activation has been characterized in detail. The RNA recognition targets of these regulatory proteins exhibit a wide range in structural complexity, with some proteins recognizing complex pseudoknot structures and others binding to simple RNA hairpins and/or short repeated single-stranded sequences. In some instances the bound protein directly competes with ribosome binding, and in other instances the bound protein promotes formation of an RNA structure that inhibits ribosome binding. Examples also exist in which the bound protein traps the ribosome in a complex that is incapable of initiating translation.
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Babitzke et al. (2009) reported a review. RNA binding proteins regulate translation initiation through various mechanisms, primarily translational repression, by recognizing diverse RNA structures and interfering with ribosome binding.
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