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Crystalline, confined ionic systems exhibit well defined phase transitions as a function of the anisotropy of the confining potential. The transitions from one to two dimensions, from two to three, and back from three to two have been investigated as a function of this anisotropy with molecular dynamics simulations. The anisotropy at which such transitions occur seems to be proportional to a power of the number of confined ions.
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J. P. Schiffer (1993) studied this question.
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