A novel Koch and Sierpinski combined fractal antenna for 2G/3G/4G/5G/WLAN/navigation applications

A novel Koch Snowflake and Sierpinski Carpet combined fractal multiband antenna is proposed for 2G/3G/4G/5G/WLAN/Navigation wireless applications in the paper, which is based on the principles of conventional microstrip monopole antenna and resonant coupling technique, combined with the advantages of fractal geometry. The antenna has the combination radiator of a two iteration Koch snowflake fractal with a four iteration Sierpinski Carpet fractal slotted inside, and a six edges ring resonator on back side to generate six resonant frequencies. The antenna covers more than ten mobile applications in six frequency bands with a bandwidth of 12.2% (0.85–0.96 GHz) for GSM900 and CDMA2000, 23.2% (1.22–1.54 GHz) for TD-LTE (B-TrunC), 13.1% (1.86–2.12 GHz) for LTE33-37 and TD-SCDMA, 29.9% (2.4–3.22 GHz) for ISM2.4G, Bluetooth, GPS, COMPASS, GLONSS, GALILEO, WLAN, 7.3% (3.69–3.97 GHz) for LTE42/43 and WiMAX, 21.1% (4.84–5.98 GHz) for WLAN and 5G systems. The proposed antenna is fabricated on FR4 substrate, the size is 80*54*1.6 mm3. The measured results reveal that the omnidirectional radiation patterns with −2.9 to 4.64 dBi gain. The good agreement between the measurement results and the simulation results validate that the proposed design approach meet the requirements for various wireless applications.