A novel design of an internal PIFA integrated with an RF-shielding metal case for application in a clamshell or folder-type mobile phone is presented. The integrated PIFA has a bent and tapered radiating arm in order to easily fit in the casing of the clamshell mobile phone as an internal antenna. The integrated PIFA can also provide a wide operating bandwidth for UMTS (1920–2170 MHz) operation. In addition, for the clamshell mobile phone in either the talk or standby condition, only a small effect on the operating bandwidth of the integrated PIFA is obtained. The experimental results of the proposed design are presented.
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Su et al. (2005) studied this question.