miRNAs-mediated overexpression of Periostin is correlated with poor prognosis and immune infiltration in lung squamous cell carcinoma

Figures

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  Figure 1. Expression of POSTN in lung cancer. POSTN expression in different cancers tissues compared to normal tissues based on the Oncomine database (A). POSTN expression in different tumour types based on the TIMER database (B). mRNA level of POSTN in lung cancer determined by UALCAN (C), GEPIA (D), and TCGA (E) databases. POSTN expression in 57 pairs of LUAD tissues and adjacent healthy tissues and 49 pairs of LUSC tissues and adjacent healthy tissues using TCGA database (F). POSTN expression in LUSC and LUAD based on the GEO database (G). The protein levels of POSTN based on the Human Protein Atlas (H). *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001.

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  Figure 2. Box plots evaluating POSTN mRNA expression based on clinical parameters and the prognosis in lung cancer. POSTN mRNA expressions were remarkably correlated with LUAD and LUSC patients’ individual cancer smoking habits (A), gender (B), status (C), nodal metastasis (D). Survival curves using the Kaplan-Meier plotter are shown for overall survival, progression-free survival, and progression-free survival (E). **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

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  Figure 3. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis for POSTN in LUAD and LUSC. Volcano plot showing the correlations between POSTN and genes differentially expressed in LUAD (A). Heat maps showing genes positively and negatively correlated with POSTN in LUAD (Top50) (B, C). Volcano plot showing the correlations between POSTN and genes differentially expressed in LUSC (D). Heat maps showing genes positively and negatively related with POSTN in LUSC (Top50) (E, F). Enrichment terms in BP and KEGG enrichment pathways in LUAD and LUSC (G–J).

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  Figure 4. Analysis of neighboring gene networks in lung cancer. The gene-gene interaction network of POSTN constructed using GeneMania (A). The PPI network of POSTN generated using STRING (B). The overlapping genes (C).

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  Figure 5. Correlation between POSTN expression and immune infiltration. The correlations between POSTN expression and immune cells infiltration in LUSC and LUAD (A and B). POSTN is significantly associated with cancer purity and positively correlates with the infiltration of different immune cells in LUAD and LUSC using the TIMER database (C). The correlations between POSTN expression and checkpoint in LUSC and LUAD, including CD274, PDCD1, and CTLA-4 (D–I). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

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  Figure 6. Associations between POSTN expression and lymphocytes, immunomodulators, and chemokines in LUSC. Correlations between tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and POSTN and the six TILs with the highest correlation values (A). Correlations between immunomodulators and POSTN and the six immunomodulators with the highest correlation values (B–D). Correlations between chemokines (or receptors) and POSTN and the six chemokines (or receptors) with the highest correlation values (E and F).

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  Figure 7. Comparison of Kaplan-Meier survival curves of the high and low expression of POSTN in immune cell subgroups in LUSC. A forest plot shows the prognostic value of POSTN expression based on different immune cell subgroups in LUSC (A). Correlations between the expression of POSTN and OS based on different immune cell subgroups in LUSC (B).

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  Figure 8. miRNA regulation and diagnostic value of POSTN. (A) ROC curve analysis of POSTN in LUSC. (B) The overlapping POSTN-targeted miRNAs. (C) The correlation between the expression of POSTN and POSTN-targeted miRNAs in LUSC and control normal samples determined by the starBase database. (D) The prognostic value of POSTN-targeted miRNAs in LUSC assessed by Kaplan-Meier plotter (E) The expression of POSTN-targeted miRNAs in LUSC and control normal samples determined by starBase database. (F, G) Prognosis affected by POSTN-targeted miRNAs was conducted using miRNACancerMAP database.