Nexus of Campers’ Experiences: Family Support and Product Involvement Influence Place Dependence, Mediated by Serious Leisure and Co-Production

This study addresses a research gap by rigorously examining the relationships among family support, product involvement, place dependence, serious leisure, and co-production. Purposive sampling, a non-probability method, was used to collect data from camping site visitors willing to complete the questionnaire. A total of 826 surveys were obtained from five camping sites across northern, central, and southern Taiwan. The results indicate that campers’ family support positively influences product involvement, which in turn positively affects place dependence; these relationships are mediated by serious leisure and co-production, respectively. However, the sampling approach and the study’s focus on Taiwan limit the generalizability of the findings and constrain broader claims about outdoor recreation behaviors. Despite these limitations, the study provides valuable insights that enrich academic understanding and offer practical implications for camping industry professionals, while emphasizing the need for further empirical validation using larger, more representative samples across diverse cultural and geographical contexts.