Material-engineered near-field heating and cooling with drifted plasmon–phonon polaritons

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We investigate near-field radiative heat transfer between a current-driven graphene metasurface and an anisotropic magneto-dielectric hyperbolic metamaterial covered with a graphene metasurface according to fluctuational electrodynamics theory. Remarkably, we discover an unconventional radiative cooling flux accompanied by a heating–cooling transition. This phenomenon results from the competition between the high-frequency heating modes and low-frequency cooling modes. Our findings demonstrate a characteristic modulation of radiative heat transfer with implications for efficient thermal management applications.