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Continuous temperature profile measurements made with the NWC SVTP instrument reveal considerable structure in vertical temperature gradients, including temperature inversions. Some differences in the macrogradients in the California Current are due to dissimilarities between regions of upwelling, surface countercurrent, and current shear. Sharp small‐scale gradient changes may possibly be caused by differential currents and two‐dimensional Kolmogorov turbulence generated by current shears and dynamically unstable internal waves.
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J. R. Lovett (1968) studied this question.
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