Negotiating the nucleosome: factors that allow RNA polymerase II to elongate through chromatinThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled 28th International West Coast Chromatin and Chromosome Conference, and has undergone the Journal's usual peer review process.

Initiation by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) involves a host of enzymes, and the process of elongation appears similarly complex. Transcriptional elongation through chromatin requires the coordinated efforts of Pol II and its associated transcription factors: C-terminal domain kinases, elongation complexes, chromatin-modifying enzymes, chromatin remodeling factors, histone chaperones (nucleosome assembly factors), and histone variants. This review examines the following: (i) the consequences of the encounter between elongating Pol II and a nucleosome, and (ii) chromatin remodeling factors and nucleosome assembly factors that have recently been identified as important for the elongation stage of transcription.