Controlled solvent vapor treatment is used for the in situ creation of uniform C60 nanorods homogeneously distributed in a polymer matrix (see picture). The size of the nanorods and their homogeneity are tuned by the solvent vapor pressure p and its rate of increase. Photovoltaic cells employing poly(3-hexylthiophene) composite film with C60 nanorods exhibit much higher efficiency than conventionally prepared devices.
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Lu et al. (2008) studied this question.
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