A New Mechanism of Supraventricular Tachycardia: Gene Mutation

BACKGROUND: Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is very common in daily clinical practice, especially in the emergency department, with rapid onset and urgent management. The review highlights the recent genetic predispositions and mechanisms in SVT. METHODS: Through analysis of epidemiology, familial clustering, and gene mutations of the relevant literature, the review elucidates the genetic properties and potential pathophysiology of SVT. RESULTS: There are many pathophysiological mechanisms related to atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT). Currently, there is relatively little research on inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST), atrial tachycardia (AT), and congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia (CJET). It seems that every type of SVT has gene mutations in ion channels, with three types of SVT having gene mutations in signaling pathways, and others including gene mutations in beta-adrenergic-receptor autoantibodies, autonomic nervous system, and AV node structure. CONCLUSION: SVT has certain genetic characteristics and is often associated with other heart diseases. From the analysis of mutated genes in SVT, it appears to be a type of cardiac ion channel disease. Unlike common ion channel diseases, it is more insidious and more susceptible to external factors. The confirmation of the genetic basis of SVT provides direction for future hazard stratification assessment and gene targeted therapy drug research.