Epicardial connections inside pulmonary vein antrum isolation lines contribute to initiating and maintaining atrial tachycardia

Figures

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  Figure 1. The 12-lead electrocardiograms at admission (A), during atrial tachycardia (AT) (B), at the termination of AT (C), and with restored sinus rhythm (D).

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  Figure 2. EnSite (Abbott, Plymouth, MN) images showing activation (A, B) and voltage (C) maps after pulmonary vein antrum isolation (PVAI) and left atrial posterior wall isolation (LAPWI) (A), during atrial tachycardia (B), and post ablation of the epicardial connection after PVAI and LAPWI (C).

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  Figure 3. Intracardiac electrocardiograms depicting the initiation of (A), during (B), and termination of (C) atrial tachycardia, as well as confirmation of entrance (D) and exit (E) blocks after ablation of the epicardial connection.