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Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) technology efficiently harnesses solar energy by co-generating electricity and hot water. Unlike conventional PV systems, PV/T systems improve thermal utilization, cool PV modules, and prevent performance degradation caused by high temperatures. Among the various PV/T configurations, micro-channel heat pipe (MCHP) systems are prominent due to their ability to enhance heat transfer through the use of vacuum-filled, refrigerant-sealed MCHPs. This study explores how factors such as working fluid type, evaporation section heat flux, fill ratio, and condensation section length impact system performance. A 3D steady-state CFD model simulating phase-change heat transfer was developed to analyze thermal and electrical efficiencies. The results reveal that R134a outperforms acetone in heat transfer, with thermal resistance showing a significant decrease (from 0.5 °C·W−1 at a 30% fill rate to 0.3 °C·W−1 at a 70% fill rate) under varying heat source powers. The optimal fill ratio depends on the heat flux; for powers up to 70 W, the fill ratio ranges from 30% to 50%, while above 70 W, it shifts to 60–80%. Additionally, a longer condensation section reduces thermal resistance by up to 30% and enhances heat transfer efficiency, improving the overall system performance by 10%. These findings offer valuable insights into optimizing MCHP PV/T systems for increased efficiency.
Huang et al. (Thu,) studied this question.