Diagnostic imaging in pediatric urolithiasis

Imaging techniques are required to diagnose urinary stones and to determine their size and localization for planning appropriate therapy. In pediatric urolithiasis, ultrasonography is the primary technique and cornerstone for imaging. It is not invasive, easily available and of a reasonable accuracy. If ultrasound is not sufficient, conventional radiological modalities (e.g., plain films) should be added. Computerized tomography, which is the method with the highest sensitivity and specifity, has the drawback of high radiation doses. It could be shown that computerized tomography can be safely avoided in the vast majority of children presenting with urinary stones.