High-efficiency light-emitting diodes (LEDs) using air-stable electrodes remain an important goal. Here the authors report the design and synthesis of electroluminescent hybrid organic–inorganic materials using the sol-gel process in order to improve the aging and environmental stability of LEDs. Devices—which emitted in the orange—consisting of a sol-gel layer sandwiched between a transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode and an evaporated aluminum cathode were also prepared, demonstrating the electroluminescent properties of the sol-gel materials.
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Morais et al. (1999) studied this question.