The ambiguity involved in the definition of effective-mass Hamiltonians for nonrelativistic models is resolved using the Dirac equation. The multistep approximation is extended for relativistic cases allowing the treatment of arbitrary potential and effective-mass profiles without ordering problems. On the other hand, if the Schrödinger equation is used, our relativistic approach demonstrates that the two results are coincident if the BenDaniel-Duke prescription for the kinetic-energy operator is implemented. Applications for semiconductor heterostructures are discussed.
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