The energy consumption and CO 2 emission of Swedish production of flat and long products of structural steel have been assessed by means of LCI data from the IISI study. Two general factors reduce the expenditure of energy and CO 2 emission in Swedish production of both flat and long products: energy efficient steel processes; and extremely low CO 2 emissions for generation of electricity. For flat steel products two specific features also contribute to their low energy consumption and CO 2 emission: the use of magnetite iron ore instead of hematite; and a product programme with a uniquely large share of high strength steels. The latter allows significant weight savings in end products, thus resulting in global net reductions of energy consumption and CO 2 emission. Even when transport of Swedish products to export markets are included, the Swedish figures are more favourable than those of steels manufactured domestically in their respective markets.
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Sandberg et al. (2001) studied this question.