Divalent anion transport in isolated renal tubules

Inorganic phosphate and sulfate are the major divalent anions in biological fluids at physiological pH. The isolated perfused renal tubule technique has been used to address a number of questions about their renal transport; the purpose of this review is to summarize this information. Initial studies addressed traditional questions about the direction and segmental localization of phosphate and sulfate transport but recent studies approach more fundamental questions about cellular mechanisms and interactions with metabolism. We will review these data and provide models that may be useful as targets for future studies.