Electrospun Nanofiber-based Strain Sensors for Wearable Electronics

Electrospun nanofiber-based strain sensors have garnered significant attention as essential components of next-generation wearable electronics due to their high sensitivity, mechanical flexibility, and excellent breathability. The unique fibrous network structures created by electrospinning provide large specific surface areas and adjustable architectures, facilitating the efficient conversion of mechanical deformation into electrical signals. This review offers a thorough overview of electrospun nanofiber-based strain sensors, discussing their fabrication principles, sensing mechanisms, and notable applications. It systematically examines the working mechanisms, including variations in contact resistance, tunneling effects, and crack modulation. Special focus is given to applications in human motion monitoring, healthcare, and advanced human-machine interfaces such as soft robotics and gesture recognition. Additionally, the review highlights current challenges and future research directions aimed at scalable manufacturing and the development of intelligent wearable systems.