The in situ formation of a mixed phosphine−imidazolylidene palladium complex, 3, in the room-temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF 4 ]) has been observed under conditions employed in many palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions. This paper highlights the noninnocent nature of imidazolium-based ionic liquids and the implications of this for ionic liquid mediated palladium catalysis.
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Mathews et al. (2001) studied this question.
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