Need for Urgent Reforms in the United Nations Security Council: Pathways to Equitable Representation

The United Nations (UN) has faced growing criticism over time for structural inefficiencies, lack of transparency, and the underrepresentation of diverse voices in critical decision-making processes. This article examines the necessity of reforming the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) with a focus on the controversial veto power wielded by the permanent members (P5). The veto system, has contributed to imbalanced decision-making, undermining the principles of equitable representation, especially for smaller and landlocked nations like Nepal. Analyzing the historical and contemporary practices of the Security Council, the article explores the legal and structural challenges posed by the veto system, its role in perpetuating Western hegemony, and its impact on global peace and security. It proposes actionable reforms, including the professionalization of Council representation, the inclusion of regional players in decision-making, and the decentralization of UN functions.