Actual Issues of Improving the Quality of Milk in the Conditions of Its Industrial Production

Goal. To determine the actual issues of improving the quality of milk in the conditions of its industrial production in two directions - increasing the fat content of milk due to the optimization of the level of fodder with regulation of the content of neutral detergent fiber in the diet of cows and optimization of the titrated acidity of milk during the crisis period of its exacerbation in the winter period due to the use of scar buffer. Methods. Scientific and economic experiments were carried out in the conditions of the State Enterprise "EE “Andriivske" of the Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi district of the Odesa region according to the methods generally accepted in dairy cattle breeding. The quality of milk was studied in the educational and scientific laboratory of the Department of Technology of Production and Processing of Livestock Products of Odesa State Agrarian University. It is possible to improve the quality of milk in terms of increasing its fat content, first of all, by increasing the content of neutral detergent fiber in the diet. The results. With the increase in the content of NDC in the feeding rations of the cows of the experimental groups (on the example of the period of early lactation), the percentage of milk fat also increases. In the milk of cows of the I-IV experimental groups, the fat content was higher compared to the control group by 0.12%, respectively; 0.19% (p < 0.05); 0.28% (p < 0.01); 0.42% (p < 0.001). Provided that the cows of all groups had a similar genotype, age and lactation phase, the obtained results prove the direct influence of the NDC level on the fat content in milk. Conclusions. An increase in the daily dose of rye silage in the diets of the cows of the research groups ensured an increase in the neutral detergent fiber index, a decrease in the starch content and optimization of the total starch + sugar index, which is a preventive measure for rumen acidosis on the one hand, and on the other hand makes it possible to produce milk with an increased content of fat and protein and the optimal ratio of fat: protein in it. The supplementation of the diet with the preparation Clinofid, as a buffer of the rumen, in the amount of 50 g/ head. per day optimizes the index of titrated acidity of the milk of the experimental group of cows, which was 1.6°T or 9.0% (р < 0.01) less compared to the milk of the control group cows, which according to the physicochemical characteristics of the milk corresponds to the norm for the breed "extra" according to DSTU 3662: 2018.