The Effect of Caffeine on Exercise Tolerance and Left Ventricular Function in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Study objective To determine whether acute oral caffeine ingestion by patients with coronary artery disease results in decreased treadmill exercise performance or deterioration of echocardiographic measures of systolic or diastolic left ventricular function. Design Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Setting Referral-based cardiovascular exercise laboratory at an urban teaching hospital. Patients Thirteen volunteers with clinically stable coronary artery disease who had exercise tests after a 2-week caffeine-free washout period. Patients continued treatment with standard antianginal medications during the study period. Interventions Maximal exercise treadmill testing and exercise echocardiography were done at baseline, after acute ingestion of a placebo beverage (97% caffeine-free coffee), or after drinking an identical beverage containing 250 mg of caffeine sodium benzoate. Measurements and main results Acute ingestion of caffeine produced a serum level of 4.50 +/- 0.16 micrograms/mL, but had no effect on resting supine heart rate, blood pressure, left ventricular fractional shortening, posterior left ventricular wall thinning or peak rates of increase in left ventricular diastolic dimension. Despite a small increase in peak systolic blood pressure during exercise (baseline, 153 +/- 8; placebo, 154 +/- 8; caffeine, 161 +/- 7 mm Hg; P less than 0.05), exercise duration, time to onset of angina, and time to 0.1 mV ST depression did not differ after ingestion of placebo or caffeine. Rate-pressure product at onset of angina and onset of 0.1 mV of ST depression were also unchanged. In response to exercise, echocardiographic measures of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function were unchanged after caffeine compared with placebo ingestion. Conclusions These data suggest that patients with exercise-induced ischemia who are receiving appropriate antianginal therapy tolerate the caffeine-equivalent of three cups of coffee without detrimental effect on intensity of ischemia, myocardial function, or exercise duration.