Field and laboratory findings of the first incursion of the Asian H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in Africa

In mid-January 2006 an outbreak of avian influenza in domestic birds was recorded in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The virus responsible for the outbreak was characterized as a highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 (A/chicken/Nigeria/641/06), belonging to the Qinghai lineage. The index case occurred on a farm containing mixed avian species including free-range birds. Clinical signs and mortality were observed in chickens, geese and ostriches. The present paper describes the clinical, pathological and virological findings of this outbreak.