Echocardiographic detection of tricuspid atresia in two foals

M-mode, 2-dimensional, and contrast echocardiographic studies were used to detect tricuspid atresia in 2 foals. M-mode echocardiographic findings included a small right ventricle, large left ventricle, large mitral valve excursion, large left atrium (foal 2), dropout of the cranial aspect of the aortic root, and a thick band of echoes in the tricuspid valve region. These findings were confirmed by 2-dimensional echocardiography. In addition, a large right atrium, persistent foramen ovale, ventricular septal defect, and large mitral valve apparatus were imaged. One foal also had a thick right atrial wall. Contrast echocardiography confirmed the intracardiac flow of blood from right to left atrium and then to the left ventricle, followed by simultaneous opacification of the right ventricle and aorta. The use of these echocardiographic techniques enables accurate antemortem diagnosis and prognosis of tricuspid atresia in the foal.