A PtRu–WO3 nanostructured alloy electrode consisting of alloy nanophases and amorphous tungsten oxide for use in thin-film fuel cells was designed and fabricated using a multigun sputtering system with Pt and Ru metal and a tungsten oxide target. Alloy formation and the presence of nanophases in an amorphous tungsten oxide phase was confirmed by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The nanostructured alloy electrode, PtRu–WO3 showed the best performance in methanol electro-oxidation because of the presence of the alloy nanophases when compared to a Pt and PtRu thin-film electrode.
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Park et al. (2003) studied this question.
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