Why the study?
Severe vascular complications related to pacemaker implantation occur rarely and may be misjudged.
Endovascular repair is a viable treatment for rare iatrogenic arteriovenous fistulas following pacemaker implantation.
Atypical late arteriovenous fistulae after pacemaker implantation warrant clinical consideration; this case leaves open optimal surveillance strategies.
Severe vascular complications associated with pacemaker implantation rarely occur and then might be misjudged. We presented a case with an atypical and confusing presentation of arteriovenous fistulae after pacemaker implantation that was relatively late recognized post-procedure. Endovascular repairment was performed and a good clinical outcome was reached.
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Li et al. (2025) studied this question.
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