The Shapiro-Wagner phase measurement is addressed here. It is clarified that this concept includes an infinite number of operator realizations of quantum phase measurements, which may be characterized using polar and spectral decomposition. For accurate phase measurement, the regimes of ideal and optimized phase resolution are specified. The former is equivalent to the Susskind-Glogower or Hermitian phase concepts and needs infinite energy on the auxiliary input port. The ultimate phase resolution cannot surpass the limit 1/n, n being the total average number of photons entering both the signal and image input ports.
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Z. Hradil (1992) studied this question.
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