Beyond pharmacotherapy; implementing lifestyle precision medicine for hypertension in resource-limited settings- an updated review on the occasion of world hypertension day

Hypertension remains the leading modifiable risk factor for global cardiovascular mortality, disproportionately burdening resource-limited settings where access to consistent pharmacotherapy is hindered by cost, supply chains, healthcare infrastructure gaps, and polypharmacy risks. While medications are essential, over-reliance on them neglects the foundational role of lifestyle modification as a potent, underutilized therapeutic pillar. This review, argues for a paradigm shift towards lifestyle precision medicine in resource-limited settings through moving beyond one-size-fits-all advice to context-specific, feasible, and culturally resonant behavioral interventions integrated into primary care. Lifestyle precision medicine tailors dietary patterns, physical activity, stress reduction, and sodium reduction to individual socioeconomic realities, cultural preferences, literacy levels, and environmental constraints. On world hypertension day, we urge global health agencies, governments, and researchers to prioritize funding and policy reforms that position lifestyle precision medicine not as a luxury, but as an equitable, essential component of hypertension care in resource-limited settings. Precision lies not in genomics, but in contextual intelligence, transforming evidence into action that resonates where people live and work.