The development of two new bio‐based phthalonitrile (PN) resin foams with intrinsic blowing agents is reported. The resins were characterized via attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), pycnometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), rheometry, and compression testing. The porosity of 3‐[4‐(3,4‐Dicyanophenoxy)phenyl]‐2‐propenoic acid‐phthalonitrile CAPN and 3‐[3,4‐di(3,4‐Dicyanophenoxy)phenyl]‐2‐propenoic acid‐phthalonitrile CFPN were calculated to be 0.610 and 0.437 respectively. Thermal and thermooxidative stability was determined for both resins under nitrogen and air environments. CAPN and CFPN displayed final char yields of 67% and 69% under nitrogen environments while the T d,5% under air environments were 200°C and 360°C respectively. Finally, compression analysis shows the CAPN to be a stiffer material than the larger CFPN foam resin.
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Bunton et al. (2025) studied this question.
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