Sea surface scattering and propagation loss: review, update, and new predictions

Sea-surface-scattering loss estimates based on perturbation methods are reviewed. The perturbation method has been known to be quite accurate for estimating low-frequency acoustic wave scattering loss. The author compares models that are based on the perturbation methods of H.W. Marsch (1961) and F.G. Bass (1960). Predictions based on numerical integration in a complex domain are presented and compared to previous predictions.>