Observation of ferromagnetism at room temperature in ZnO thin films

Room-temperature ferromagnetism (FM) has been observed in laser-ablated ZnO thin films. The FM in this type of compound does not stem from oxygen vacancies as in the case of TiO 2 and HfO 2 films, but from defects on Zn sites. Magnetization of very thin films is much larger than that of the thicker films, showing that defects must be located mostly at the surface and/or the interface between the film and the substrate. Results on Fe-doped ZnO and Mn-doped ZnO films reveal clearly that the metal-transition doping does not play any essential role in introducing the magnetism in ZnO.