Validation of deep learning enabled web based and smartphone optimized application RadAnalyzer to measure vertebral heart size and vertebral left atrial size in dogs

Figures

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  Fig 1. Example of markup by RadAnalyzer algorithm on a right lateral thoracic radiograph. The vertebral heart score is 9.79 and vertebral left atrial score is 2.50. The red line is the long axis of the heart, the blue line is the short axis of the heart, the yellow line is the left atrium, and the green line is from the fourth to ninth vertebra.

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  Fig 2. Comparison of VHS measurement by human and RadAnalyzer. Passing–Bablok analysis (A) analysis yielded the equation VHS-AI = 0.91(VHS-M)+0.98, Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient r = 0.917, n = 1058. Blue line: fitted regression line, shading: 95% confidence interval, red dashed line: identity. Bland–Altman analysis (B) demonstrated a mean bias of 0.002 vertebrae (95% CI −0.023 to 0.029) for the VHS-AI method. Dashed lines give limits of agreement (±1.96 SD) and mean bias; shading gives 95% confidence intervals with dotted lines at the limits. VHS indicates vertebral heart size; VHS-AI, VHS measured by RadAnalyzer, VHS-M, VHS measured by a human observer and SD, standard deviation.

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  Fig 3. Histogram of the difference between modified vertebral heart size (VHS) determined by human observer (VHS.M) and Radanalyzer (VHS.AI). The red lines indicate the 5th percentile and 95th percentile. The blue dashed lines represent the 2.5th percentile and the 97.5th percentile.

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  Fig 4. Comparison of VLAS measurement by human and RadAnalyzer. Passing–Bablok analysis. (A) yielded the equation VLAS-AI = 0.90(VLAS-M)+0.20, Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient r = 0.873, n = 981. Blue line: fitted regression line, shading: 95% confidence interval, red dashed line: identity. Bland–Altman analysis (B) demonstrated a mean bias of 0.01 vertebrae (95% CI −0.003 to 0.03) for the VHS-AI method. Dashed lines give limits of agreement (±1.96 SD) and mean bias; shading gives 95% confidence intervals with dotted lines at the limits. VLAS indicates vertebral left atrial size; VLAS-AI indicates VLAS measured by RadAnalyzer, VLAS-M, VLAS measured by a human observer and SD, standard deviation.

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  Fig 5. Histogram of the difference between modified vertebral left atrial size (VLAS) determined by human observer (VLAS.M) and Radanalyzer (VLAS.AI). The red lines indicate the 5th percentile and 95th percentile. The blue dashed lines represent the 2.5th percentile and the 97.5th percentile.