Mechanical Response Characteristics of Tungsten-Based Alloys Prepared by SLM: Experimental Research and Verification

In this study, the mechanical responses of two tungsten-based alloys, 84W-11.2Ni-4.8Fe and 88W-8.4Ni-3.6Fe, fabricated via selective laser melting (SLM), were systematically investigated under elevated temperatures (298–598 K) and high strain rates (1×10⁻³ s⁻¹ to 2.3×10³ s⁻¹). A combination of quasi-static tests using a universal testing machine and dynamic loading tests employing a split Hopkinson pressure bar revealed pronounced strain-rate strengthening and thermal softening effects in both alloys. Based on these results, a Johnson–Cook (J–C) constitutive model was established. The model for the 84W alloy was validated through pulsed X-ray diagnostics and static penetration tests. The SLM-fabricated 84W shaped charge liner generated a well-formed shaped jet with a penetration depth of 87 mm and a tip velocity of 5101.5 m/s. Numerical simulation results showed excellent agreement with experimental data, with a maximum deviation of only 9.19%, confirming the high accuracy of the developed J–C model. These findings demonstrate that the proposed model can reliably describe the deformation behavior of SLM-fabricated 84W and 88W shaped charge liners under extreme conditions involving high temperature, high pressure, and high strain rate. This work provides a solid foundation for the application of SLM technology in shaped charge design and for advancing research on jet formation and penetration performance in tungsten-based alloys.